July 1962115 items
Highlights of the month
- 7/3Birdman of AlcatrazFilms
- 7/71962 World Women's Handball ChampionshipSports
- 7/10Telstar 1Events
- 7/21Gelora Bung Karno StadiumOpenings
- 7/22Mariner 1Events
Life that month (prices, weather)Tokyo avg 25.1°C ・ ramen ¥48.5
U.S. prices, July 1962All years ›
Tokyo weather, July 1962Japan Meteorological Agency ›
Avg temp25.1℃Max temp34.1℃Min temp16.6℃Rain166.9mmSunshine135.9 hTyphoons making landfall in Japan1
Tokyo prices in 1962 (annual average)All items ›
Ramen (restaurant)¥48.5Coffee (café)¥62.1Curry rice (restaurant)¥78.2Postcard¥5Newspaper (monthly)¥450Movie ticket¥160Public bath¥19
| Date | Type | Title | Country | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7/22 | EventsLaunch (UTC) | Mariner 1DetailsOperator: Jet Propulsion Laboratory | United States | Operator: Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
| 7/10 | EventsLaunch (UTC) | Telstar 1DetailsOperator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration | United States | Operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| 7/14 | EventsOccurred | Miss Universe 1962DetailsPlace: Miami Beach Convention Center | Mexico | Place: Miami Beach Convention Center |
| 7/1 | EventsOccurred | 1962 Algerian independence referendumDetailsPlace: French Algeria | France | Place: French Algeria |
| 7/8 | EventsOccurred | Starfish PrimeSource：Wikidata | United States | |
| 7/6 | EventsOccurred | SedanDetailsPlace: Nevada National Security Site | United States | Place: Nevada National Security Site |
| 7/7 | EventsOccurred | Alitalia Flight 771DetailsPlace: Maharashtra | India | Place: Maharashtra |
| 7/5 | EventsOccurred | Oran massacre of 1962DetailsPlace: Oran | Algeria | Place: Oran |
| 7/31 | EventsOccurred | solar eclipse of July 31, 1962Source：Wikidata | Unknown | |
| 7/19 | EventsOccurred | United Arab Airlines Flight 869 (1962)Source：Wikidata | Thailand | |
| 7/28 | EventsOccurred | Aeroflot Flight 415DetailsPlace: Sochi International Airport | Unknown | Place: Sochi International Airport |
| 7/29 | EventsOccurred | 7th David di Donatello AwardsDetailsPlace: Taormina | Italy | Place: Taormina |
| 7/1 | EventsOccurred | 1962 Japanese House of Councillors electionJapanOriginal title: 第6回参議院議員通常選挙Source：Wikidata | Japan | |
| 7/10 | EventsOccurred | 1962 Major League Baseball All-Star GameSource：Wikidata | United States | |
| 7/22 | EventsOccurred | Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 301Source：Wikidata | United States | |
| 7/8 | EventsOccurred | 1962 North Rhine-Westphalia state electionSource：Wikidata | Germany | |
| 7/18 | EventsOccurred | 1962 Peruvian coup d'étatSource：Wikidata | Peru | |
| 7/15 | EventsOccurred | 1962 Solitude Grand PrixSource：Wikidata | Unknown | |
| 7/6 | EventsOccurred | Aeroflot Flight 40DetailsPlace: Tashkent | Uzbekistan | Place: Tashkent |
| 7/30 | EventsOccurred | 1962 Major League Baseball All-Star GameSource：Wikidata | United States | |
| 7/1 | EventsOccurred | 1962 Taça de Portugal FinalDetailsPlace: Estádio Nacional | Portugal | Place: Estádio Nacional |
| 7/1 | EventsOccurred | 1962 Reims Grand PrixDetailsPlace: Reims-Gueux | France | Place: Reims-Gueux |
| 7/18 | EventsOccurred | Battle of HalhalDetailsPlace: Halhal | Unknown | Place: Halhal |
| 7/17 | EventsOccurred | July 1962 lunar eclipseSource：Wikidata | Unknown | |
| 7/21 | OpeningsOpened | Gelora Bung Karno StadiumDetailsType: association football venue · Place: Tanah Abang | Indonesia | Type: association football venue · Place: Tanah Abang |
| 7/2 | OpeningsOpened | Nueva NumanciaDetailsType: metro station · Place: Puente de Vallecas | Spain | Type: metro station · Place: Puente de Vallecas |
| 7/2 | OpeningsOpened | PortazgoDetailsType: metro station · Place: Puente de Vallecas | Spain | Type: metro station · Place: Puente de Vallecas |
| 7/1 | OpeningsOpened | Broadway BridgeDetailsType: truss bridge · Place: Manhattan | United States | Type: truss bridge · Place: Manhattan |
| 7/1 | OpeningsOpened | Atago StationJapanOriginal title: 愛宕駅DetailsType: railway station · Place: Matsushima | Japan | Type: railway station · Place: Matsushima |
| 7/7 | OpeningsOpened | Imaihama-Kaigan StationJapanOriginal title: 今井浜海岸駅DetailsType: railway station · Place: Kawazu | Japan | Type: railway station · Place: Kawazu |
| 7/20 | OpeningsOpened | Minami-Gotemba StationJapanOriginal title: 南御殿場駅DetailsType: railway station · Place: Gotemba | Japan | Type: railway station · Place: Gotemba |
| 7/17 | OpeningsOpened | Nabekura StationJapanOriginal title: 鍋倉駅DetailsType: railway station · Place: Yamaguchi | Japan | Type: railway station · Place: Yamaguchi |
| 7/17 | OpeningsOpened | Auditorium CarvajalDetailsType: concert hall · Place: Melilla | Spain | Type: concert hall · Place: Melilla |
| 7/18 | OpeningsOpened | Museo Naval del PerúDetailsType: naval museum · Place: Callao | Peru | Type: naval museum · Place: Callao |
| Jul(day unknown) | OpeningsOpened | Hototogisu StationJapanOriginal title: 不如帰駅DetailsType: aerial tramway station · Place: Shibukawa | Japan | Type: aerial tramway station · Place: Shibukawa |
| 7/1 | OpeningsOpened | Kōtō LineJapanOriginal title: 水島臨海鉄道港東線DetailsType: freight railway line · Place: Kurashiki | Japan | Type: freight railway line · Place: Kurashiki |
| 7/27 | OpeningsOpened | Tanegashima AirportJapanOriginal title: 種子島空港DetailsType: airport · Place: Nakatane | Japan | Type: airport · Place: Nakatane |
| Jul(day unknown) | OpeningsOpened | Miharashi StationJapanOriginal title: 見晴駅DetailsType: aerial tramway station · Place: Shibukawa | Japan | Type: aerial tramway station · Place: Shibukawa |
| 7/8 | OpeningsOpened | Bullring of BenidormDetailsType: bullring · Place: Benidorm | Spain | Type: bullring · Place: Benidorm |
| 7/1 | OpeningsOpened | Konica Minolta Tower CentreDetailsType: observation tower · Place: Ontario | Canada | Type: observation tower · Place: Ontario |
| 7/7 | SportsHeld | 1962 World Women's Handball ChampionshipDetailsPlace: Romania · Winner: Romania women's national handball team | Romania | Place: Romania · Winner: Romania women's national handball team |
| 7/8 | SportsHeld | 1962 French Grand PrixDetailsPlace: Rouen · Winner: Dan Gurney | France | Place: Rouen · Winner: Dan Gurney |
| 7/21 | SportsHeld | 1962 British Grand PrixDetailsPlace: Aintree Motor Racing Circuit · Winner: Jim Clark | United Kingdom | Place: Aintree Motor Racing Circuit · Winner: Jim Clark |
| 7/28 | SportsHeld | 1961–62 DFB-PokalDetailsWinner: 1. FC Nürnberg | Germany | Winner: 1. FC Nürnberg |
| Jul(day unknown) | SportsHeld | 大相撲 1962年名古屋場所JapanDetailsWinner: 大鵬幸喜 · Record: 14勝1敗 | Japan | Winner: 大鵬幸喜 · Record: 14勝1敗 |
| 7/24 | SportsHeld | 1962年のオールスターゲーム (日本プロ野球)JapanSource：Wikipedia | Japan | |
| 7/17 | MusicReleased | She's Not YouDetailsArtist: Elvis Presley · Label: RCA Victor | United States | Artist: Elvis Presley · Label: RCA Victor |
| Jul(day unknown) | MusicReleased | Coltrane Plays the BluesDetailsArtist: John Coltrane · Label: Atlantic Records | United States | Artist: John Coltrane · Label: Atlantic Records |
| Jul(day unknown) | MusicReleased | ColtraneDetailsArtist: John Coltrane · Label: Impulse! | United States | Artist: John Coltrane · Label: Impulse! |
| Jul(day unknown) | MusicReleased | Sinatra and Swingin' BrassDetailsArtist: Frank Sinatra · Label: Reprise Records | United States, Italy | Artist: Frank Sinatra · Label: Reprise Records |
| Jul(day unknown) | MusicReleased | Songs from the HeartDetailsArtist: George Jones · Label: Mercury Records | United States | Artist: George Jones · Label: Mercury Records |
| Jul(day unknown) | MusicReleased | Sinatra Sings… of Love and ThingsDetailsArtist: Frank Sinatra · Label: Capitol Records | United States, Italy | Artist: Frank Sinatra · Label: Capitol Records |
| 7/23 | MusicReleased | Tony Bennett at Carnegie HallDetailsArtist: Tony Bennett · Label: Columbia Records | United States | Artist: Tony Bennett · Label: Columbia Records |
| 7/20 | MusicReleased | 無責任一代男JapanDetailsArtist: Crazy Cats · Label: EMI Music Japan | Japan | Artist: Crazy Cats · Label: EMI Music Japan |
| Jul(day unknown) | MusicReleased | Bewitching-Lee!DetailsArtist: Peggy Lee · Label: Capitol Records | United States | Artist: Peggy Lee · Label: Capitol Records |
| Jul(day unknown) | MusicReleased | O frigideiro / A bertoelaDetailsArtist: Bruno Lauzi · Label: CGD | Kingdom of Italy, Italy, Eritrea | Artist: Bruno Lauzi · Label: CGD |
| 7/11 | MusicReleased | Beechwood 4-5789DetailsArtist: The Marvelettes · Label: Motown | United States | Artist: The Marvelettes · Label: Motown |
| 7/14 | MusicReleased | Bobby Vee Meets the CricketsDetailsArtist: Bobby Vee, The Crickets · Label: Liberty Records | United States | Artist: Bobby Vee, The Crickets · Label: Liberty Records |
| Jul(day unknown) | MusicReleased | I'll Try Something NewDetailsArtist: The Miracles · Label: Tamla | United States | Artist: The Miracles · Label: Tamla |
| Jul(day unknown) | MusicReleased | Mama Sang a SongDetailsArtist: Bill Anderson · Label: Decca | United States | Artist: Bill Anderson · Label: Decca |
| 7/23 | MusicReleased | Stubborn Kind of FellowDetailsArtist: Marvin Gaye · Label: Motown | United States | Artist: Marvin Gaye · Label: Motown |
| 7/23 | FilmsPremiered | Shoot the Piano PlayerFirst premiered: November 1960 (Germany)DetailsDirector: François Truffaut · Cast: Charles Aznavour, Michèle Mercier, Marie Dubois · Production: Pierre Braunberger | United States | Director: François Truffaut · Cast: Charles Aznavour, Michèle Mercier, Marie Dubois · Production: Pierre Braunberger |
| 7/3 | FilmsPremiered | Birdman of AlcatrazDetailsDirector: John Frankenheimer · Cast: Burt Lancaster, Karl Malden, Telly Savalas · Production: United Artists | United States, Los Angeles | Director: John Frankenheimer · Cast: Burt Lancaster, Karl Malden, Telly Savalas · Production: United Artists |
| 7/4 | FilmsPremiered | Tales of TerrorDetailsDirector: Roger Corman · Cast: Vincent Price, Peter Lorre, Basil Rathbone · Distributor: American International Pictures | United States, New York City | Director: Roger Corman · Cast: Vincent Price, Peter Lorre, Basil Rathbone · Distributor: American International Pictures |
| 7/6 | FilmsPremiered | That Touch of MinkFirst premiered: June 1962 (United States)DetailsDirector: Delbert Mann · Cast: Doris Day, Cary Grant, Gig Young | Canada | Director: Delbert Mann · Cast: Doris Day, Cary Grant, Gig Young |
| 7/10 | FilmsPremiered | The Deadly CompanionsFirst premiered: June 1961 (Tucson) · In Japan: May 1962DetailsDirector: Sam Peckinpah · Cast: Maureen O'Hara, Brian Keith, Chill Wills | Germany, Johannesburg | Director: Sam Peckinpah · Cast: Maureen O'Hara, Brian Keith, Chill Wills |
| 7/9 | FilmsPremiered | The Naked IslandOriginal title: 裸の島First premiered: November 1960 (Japan)DetailsDirector: Kaneto Shindō · Cast: Nobuko Otowa, Taiji Tonoyama · Production: Kindai Eiga Kyokai | Taormina Film Fest, Soviet Union, Germany | Director: Kaneto Shindō · Cast: Nobuko Otowa, Taiji Tonoyama · Production: Kindai Eiga Kyokai |
| 7/26 | FilmsPremiered | Black GullDetailsDirector: Grigori Koltunov · Cast: Aleksei Loktev · Production: Lenfilm | Soviet Union | Director: Grigori Koltunov · Cast: Aleksei Loktev · Production: Lenfilm |
| 7/1 | FilmsPremiered | Mr. Hobbs Takes a VacationDetailsDirector: Henry Koster · Cast: James Stewart, Maureen O'Hara, John Saxon · Production: 20th Century Studios | Germany | Director: Henry Koster · Cast: James Stewart, Maureen O'Hara, John Saxon · Production: 20th Century Studios |
| 7/5 | FilmsPremiered | CareerFirst premiered: October 1960 (Mexico)DetailsDirector: Joseph Anthony · Cast: Shirley MacLaine, Dean Martin, Anthony Franciosa · Distributor: Paramount Pictures · Production: Hal Wallis Productions | Denmark | Director: Joseph Anthony · Cast: Shirley MacLaine, Dean Martin, Anthony Franciosa · Distributor: Paramount Pictures · Production: Hal Wallis Productions |
| 7/7 | FilmsPremiered | Men and BeastsDetailsDirector: Sergei Gerasimov · Production: Gorky Film Studio | Moscow | Director: Sergei Gerasimov · Production: Gorky Film Studio |
| 7/6 | FilmsPremiered | Crime Does Not PayDetailsDirector: Gérard Oury · Cast: Louis de Funès, Annie Girardot, Philippe Noiret | France, Italy | Director: Gérard Oury · Cast: Louis de Funès, Annie Girardot, Philippe Noiret |
| 7/5 | FilmsPremiered | Panic in Year Zero!DetailsDirector: Ray Milland · Cast: Ray Milland, Frankie Avalon, Jean Hagen · Production: American International Pictures | United States | Director: Ray Milland · Cast: Ray Milland, Frankie Avalon, Jean Hagen · Production: American International Pictures |
| 7/25 | FilmsPremiered | The Black MonocleFirst premiered: August 1961 (France)DetailsDirector: Georges Lautner · Cast: Bernard Blier, Marie Dubois, Pierre Blanchar · Distributor: Pathé · Production: American International Pictures | Portugal | Director: Georges Lautner · Cast: Bernard Blier, Marie Dubois, Pierre Blanchar · Distributor: Pathé · Production: American International Pictures |
| 7/27 | FilmsPremiered | Crazy ParadiseDetailsDirector: Gabriel Axel · Cast: ギタ・ナービュ, Lone Hertz, Judy Gringer | Denmark | Director: Gabriel Axel · Cast: ギタ・ナービュ, Lone Hertz, Judy Gringer |
| 7/13 | FilmsPremiered | Sand, Love and SaltFirst premiered: January 1960 (Mexico)DetailsDirector: František Čáp · Cast: Marcello Mastroianni, Mario Adorf, Peter Carsten · Distributor: Cineriz | France | Director: František Čáp · Cast: Marcello Mastroianni, Mario Adorf, Peter Carsten · Distributor: Cineriz |
| 7/9 | FilmsPremiered | Something WildFirst premiered: December 1961 (New York City)DetailsDirector: Jack Garfein · Cast: Carroll Baker, Diane Ladd, Doris Roberts · Distributor: United Artists | Sweden, Italy | Director: Jack Garfein · Cast: Carroll Baker, Diane Ladd, Doris Roberts · Distributor: United Artists |
| 7/20 | FilmsPremiered | Beauty and the BeastFirst premiered: June 1962 (Germany)DetailsDirector: Edward L. Cahn · Cast: Mark Damon, Eduard Franz, Merry Anders · Distributor: United Artists | Belgium | Director: Edward L. Cahn · Cast: Mark Damon, Eduard Franz, Merry Anders · Distributor: United Artists |
| 7/1 | FilmsPremiered | Destiny's SonJapanOriginal title: 斬るDetailsDirector: Kenji Misumi · Cast: Ichikawa Raizō VIII, Shiho Fujimura, Eijirō Yanagi · Production: Daiei Film | Japan | Director: Kenji Misumi · Cast: Ichikawa Raizō VIII, Shiho Fujimura, Eijirō Yanagi · Production: Daiei Film |
| 7/28 | FilmsPremiered | Women of Devil's IslandDetailsDirector: Domenico Paolella · Cast: Michèle Mercier, Guy Madison, Paul Müller | Italy | Director: Domenico Paolella · Cast: Michèle Mercier, Guy Madison, Paul Müller |
| 7/18 | FilmsPremiered | The Immoral MomentDetailsDirector: Jacques Doniol-Valcroze · Cast: Michael Lonsdale, Maurice Ronet, Laurent Terzieff · Production: Pierre Braunberger | France | Director: Jacques Doniol-Valcroze · Cast: Michael Lonsdale, Maurice Ronet, Laurent Terzieff · Production: Pierre Braunberger |
| 7/19 | FilmsPremiered | The Grand OlympicsFirst premiered: January 1961 (Rome)DetailsDirector: Romolo Marcellini · Cast: Wilma Rudolph, Rafer Johnson, Livio Berruti · Distributor: Cineriz | Hungary, Mexico | Director: Romolo Marcellini · Cast: Wilma Rudolph, Rafer Johnson, Livio Berruti · Distributor: Cineriz |
| 7/12 | FilmsPremiered | El Espejo de la brujaDetailsDirector: Chano Urueta · Cast: Armando Calvo, Isabela Corona, Dina de Marco | Mexico | Director: Chano Urueta · Cast: Armando Calvo, Isabela Corona, Dina de Marco |
| 7/30 | FilmsPremiered | The DollDetailsDirector: Arne Mattsson · Cast: Per Oscarsson, Tor Isedal, Gio Petré · Production: Flora Film | Sweden | Director: Arne Mattsson · Cast: Per Oscarsson, Tor Isedal, Gio Petré · Production: Flora Film |
| 7/7 | FilmsPremiered | Midnight RevueDetailsDirector: Gottfried Kolditz · Cast: Manfred Krug, Christel Bodenstein, Hans Klering | East Berlin | Director: Gottfried Kolditz · Cast: Manfred Krug, Christel Bodenstein, Hans Klering |
| 7/6 | FilmsPremiered | Das verhexte FischerdorfDetailsDirector: Siegfried Hartmann · Cast: Horst Kube, Horst Drinda, Erika Dunkelmann | East Germany, Germany | Director: Siegfried Hartmann · Cast: Horst Kube, Horst Drinda, Erika Dunkelmann |
| 7/7 | FilmsPremiered | Vadivukku Valai KappuDetailsDirector: A. P. Nagarajan · Cast: Sivaji Ganesan | India | Director: A. P. Nagarajan · Cast: Sivaji Ganesan |
| 7/1 | FilmsPremiered | Sri ValliDetailsDirector: T. R. Ramanna | India | Director: T. R. Ramanna |
| 7/31 | FilmsPremiered | A Minute for MurderDetailsDirector: Jane Kavčič | Pula | Director: Jane Kavčič |
| 7/1 | FilmsPremiered | Black Test CarJapanOriginal title: 黒の試走車DetailsDirector: Yasuzō Masumura · Production: Kadokawa Pictures | Japan | Director: Yasuzō Masumura · Production: Kadokawa Pictures |
| 7/29 | FilmsPremiered | Nippon Musekinin JidaiJapanOriginal title: ニッポン無責任時代DetailsDirector: Kengo Furusawa · Cast: Hitoshi Ueki, Reiko Dan, Kei Tani | Japan | Director: Kengo Furusawa · Cast: Hitoshi Ueki, Reiko Dan, Kei Tani |
| 7/11 | FilmsPremiered | Gioventù di notteFirst premiered: June 1961 (Italy)DetailsDirector: Mario Sequi · Cast: Stefania Sandrelli, マガリ・ノエル, Sami Frey | France | Director: Mario Sequi · Cast: Stefania Sandrelli, マガリ・ノエル, Sami Frey |
| 7/6 | FilmsPremiered | House of WomenFirst premiered: April 1962 (New York City)DetailsDirector: Crane Wilbur · Cast: Shirley Knight, Barbara Nichols, Andrew Duggan · Distributor: Warner Bros. Entertainment | Germany | Director: Crane Wilbur · Cast: Shirley Knight, Barbara Nichols, Andrew Duggan · Distributor: Warner Bros. Entertainment |
| 7/14 | FilmsPremiered | Nihon ichi no wakadaishôJapanOriginal title: 日本一の若大将DetailsDirector: Jun Fukuda | Japan | Director: Jun Fukuda |
| 7/7 | FilmsPremiered | 重役候補生No.1JapanDetailsDirector: Kengo Furusawa | Japan | Director: Kengo Furusawa |
| 7/18 | FilmsPremiered | 999 the Mysterious BodyDetailsDirector: Ng Wui | Unknown | Director: Ng Wui |
| 7/11 | TVFirst aired | そうですちがいますJapanDetailsNetwork: Fuji Network System | Japan | Network: Fuji Network System |
| 7/29 | TVFirst aired | サンデー志ん朝JapanDetailsNetwork: Fuji Television | Japan | Network: Fuji Television |
| 7/2 | TVFirst aired | バイオリンのおけいこJapanDetailsNetwork: NHK Educational TV | Japan | Network: NHK Educational TV |
| 7/27 | TVFirst aired | 結婚JapanDetailsNetwork: TBS Television | Japan | Network: TBS Television |
| 7/7 | TVFirst aired | A Song for YouDetailsNetwork: CBC Television | Canada | Network: CBC Television |
| 7/6 | TVFirst aired | SakiSource：Wikidata | United Kingdom | |
| 7/3 | TVFirst aired | SwingalongSource：Wikidata | Canada | |
| 7/16 | TVFirst aired | Actuality SpecialsDetailsNetwork: NBC | United States | Network: NBC |
| Jul(day unknown) | TVFirst aired | Ballads and BardsDetailsNetwork: CBC Television | Canada | Network: CBC Television |
| 7/5 | TVFirst aired | ClickDetailsNetwork: CBC Television | Canada | Network: CBC Television |
| 7/17 | TVFirst aired | Hugh and IDetailsNetwork: British Broadcasting Corporation · Cast: Patricia Hayes, Terry Scott, Mollie Sugden | United Kingdom | Network: British Broadcasting Corporation · Cast: Patricia Hayes, Terry Scott, Mollie Sugden |
| 7/12 | TVFirst aired | Golf on ABCDetailsNetwork: American Broadcasting Company | United States | Network: American Broadcasting Company |
| 7/4 | TVFirst aired | PlaygroundDetailsNetwork: CBC Television | Canada | Network: CBC Television |
| 7/8 | TVFirst aired | The Dark IslandDetailsNetwork: BBC One · Cast: Robert Hardy, Francis Matthews, Angela Browne | United Kingdom | Network: BBC One · Cast: Robert Hardy, Francis Matthews, Angela Browne |
| 7/9 | TV drama slotsFirst aired | レッツ・ゴー三人娘JapanSource：Wikipedia | Japan | |
| Jul(day unknown) | Magazine launchesLaunched | Japanese Journal of Applied PhysicsJapanSource：Wikipedia | Japan | |
| Jul(day unknown) | Literary prizesAnnounced | 「美談の出発」JapanDetailsPrize: Akutagawa Prize (第47回) · Author: 川村晃 | Japan | Prize: Akutagawa Prize (第47回) · Author: 川村晃 |
| Jul(day unknown) | Literary prizesAnnounced | 『天才と狂人の間』JapanDetailsPrize: Naoki Prize (第47回) · Author: 杉森久英 | Japan | Prize: Naoki Prize (第47回) · Author: 杉森久英 |
| Jul(day unknown) | CarsReleased | Cony 360Source：Wikipedia | Unknown |